Showing posts with label Anglo Saxon. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Anglo Saxon. Show all posts

Tuesday, 1 May 2018

Author’s Inspiration ~ G K Holloway #amwriting #HistoricalFiction #AngloSaxon @GlynnHolloway



My Inspiration by G K Holloway

The inspiration for writing my first novel came from a Christmas present given to me by my wife, Alice, who bought me a book by Ian W Walker called, Harold, the LastAnglo Saxon King.
Keen as I am on history, I have to admit that at the time Alice gave me my present, I didn’t know a lot about 1066, the Battle of Hastings and the events that led up to the Norman Invasion. Walker’s book opened a door. Fascinated by what I’d read, I had a real hunger to know more, which led my to reading just about everything I could find on mid-eleventh century English history. The more I read, the more enthralled I became with the era.
I’ve always been interested in history. As a boy, the view from my bedroom window was of a castle on a hill that dominated the landscaped for miles. It was the kind of view that would fire the imagination of any child. Naturally the questions followed, the anwers informed and the tales flowed. Eventually, I studied history and politics for my degree.
Reading has also been an interest of mine, not since I was a kid - my dyslexia put paid to that - but I’ve alway liked stories in whatever medium they came. After all said and done, a story is a story. Film and TV were much easier for me but when I hit my teens I began to read novels for pleasure. And when I wasn’t reading? Talking – about books, or history or religion, in other words, stories. People used to tell me I ought to right a book, and I hope after they read my novel, they don’t change their minds.
Looking back, I always wanted to produce a novel or a movie or anything really, so long as it was a story. After reading about Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Invasion, I felt compelled to tell that particular story. I was like a junior reporter who had the most exciting scoop ever and wanted to tell the world the news – even if it was 950 years old!
The reserach was an absolute joy; not just discovering the roles played by the major figures but more obscure things, like how the organ in Winchester Minster worked, how to make a sword, eleventh century power struggles – all of it – was a
pleasure. So much so, the original novel was 297,000 words long and I hadn’t even finished.
So, the Christmas present was the initial inspiration but day to day thoughts just fly into my head, rather like having a faulty radio sitting silently in the corner of a room that suddenly comes to life with a fragment of sentence or an idea for a scene or alarming news of a plot hole in my storyline.
Music is another inspiration to me. I’m one of these people who find it so much easier to write with music playing. It doesn’t much matter what it is either. I’ve found instrumentals are best, which can mean anything from Miles Davis, Motzart, Philip Glass or movie soundtracks. Having said that, I’m also happy listening to Van Morrison, Bruce Springsteen, Mumford and Son. The songs don’t even have to be in English. I’ll play whatever I happen to be in the mood for and the music helps carry me to the place where the ideas come from.
Once started it’s hard to stop, even though there are times when I find writing a bit of a grind I still have to plough on, knowing I will have one of those days when writing seems effortless, the ideas pour out of my head and my fingers are a blur over the keyboard. Yes, I can touch type, which is a useful skill to have when trying to keep up with all the ideas coming my way.

G K Holloway

After graduating from Coventry University with an honours degree in history and politics, G K Holloway worked in education in and around Bristol, where he now lives with his wife and two children. After reading a biography about Harold Godwinson, he studied the late Anglo Saxon era in detail and visited all of the locations mentioned in the sources. When he had enough material to weave together facts and fiction he produced his novel. 1066 What Fates Impose, is the product of all that research – and some imagination.  A sequel is on its way.

1066 What Fates Impose

England is in crisis. King Edward has no heir and promises never to produce one. There are no obvious successors available to replace him, but quite a few claimants are eager to take the crown. While power struggles break out between the various factions at court, enemies abroad plot to make England their own. There are raids across the borders with Wales and Scotland. Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex, is seen by many as the one man who can bring stability to the kingdom. He has powerful friends and two women who love him, but he has enemies who will stop at nothing to gain power. As 1066 begins, England heads for an uncertain future. It seems even the heavens are against Harold. Intelligent and courageous, can Harold forge his own destiny - or does he have to bow to what fates impose?

Monday, 5 March 2018

Life in the time or Harold Godwinson by G.K. Holloway #History #AngloSaxon @GlynnHolloway



Life in the time or Harold Godwinson
 by G.K. Holloway

Harold Godwinson, from the Bayeux Tape

Is there a time in history you’d like to visit? Is there some historical event at which you’d love to be present, or perhaps, famous people from the past who you’d like to invite to your dinner party? I have a list that’s endless, but of all the people I’d like to meet, Harold Godwinson is top of the list. Anyone who’s read my book, 1066 What Fates Impose, or short story, The Battle of London Bridge,  won’t be surprised by to hear that, but rather than be present at the Battles of Hastings or Stamford Bridge, I’d most like to be present on his ship during the return journey from Normandy in 1064. Why? Because I think Harold would have some very interesting things to say.

Earlier that year a messenger had arrived at the English court informing King Edward that Wulfnoth Godwinson and Haakon Sweinson, Earl Harold’s brother and nephew, had fallen into the hands of Duke William of Normandy. Both had been abducted by William de Jumieges in 1052, when they were young boys. Harold determined to bring them home. And so, sometime in the summer of 1064, Harold set sail for Normandy with a view to securing the release of his kin.

It’s a short sea journey from Bosham, in Sussex, to Normandy. Even in the eleventh century, with a good following wind, the crossing would only entail an overnight sail. When Harold left port it was after waiting out a storm that had raged for two days. After the storm the weather was calm and so there was little chance of more bad weather. There shouldn’t have been a problem crossing the Channel. There wasn’t. It was when Harold’s ship had almost completed its journey that the trouble started. Ships appeared, bore down on him and drove him onto a beach in Ponthieu, where he would become the prisoner of Count Guy, until Duke William had him released. So, before he had even met William, Harold had become indebted to him.

Once in Normandy, as the Duke’s ‘guest’ Harold would, as required by feudal custom, have to stay for forty days. As William’s guest, Harold joined in an expedition into Brittany where he saved the lives of a couple of Norman soldiers.  Two infantrymen had fallen into quicksand and Harold dragged them free. Again, during the Brittany campaign, Harold distinguished himself with his courage and Duke William ‘rewarded’ him for his bravery by knighting him. This sounds like an honour but the downside was Harold thereby became William’s vassal and all that that entailed.

Returning to Normandy from Brittany, Harold was allowed to see his brother and nephew, but only from a distance and at a ceremony where he was to pledge his loyalty to Duke William. Harold was tricked into swearing an oath to help secure the English throne for William. Only then was Harold allowed to return home with his nephew but not his brother.

So, the scene is set. An English earl, subregulus to an aging king, in a country with no real successor to the throne, is heading home after promising to assist a foreign nobleman in his bid to become the next King of England. How would you have felt if you were Harold?

Harold, apparently, was outraged by William’s temerity.  Can you visualize him ranting and raving before finally calming down? Asking the question, ‘what have I done?’ The realisation falling upon him, by trickery, a rival for the throne had recruited him to his side. ‘Why am I so gullible?’ must have been another question that ran through his mind.

I can see him pacing up and down the ship’s deck, muttering to himself, his crew wary of his mood. Eventually, his anger subsides and once he has calmed down and composed himself, he starts thinking things through. Asking himself more questions; ‘What have I done?’ must have given way to, ‘Is the oath valid?’

Then, as he weighs up the situation, a light of hope shines through the darkness. ‘Not to worry; William’s claim must be invalid. How could he possibly succeed Edward? According to Norman law, the right of succession runs down the male line only, through the first born son – primogeniture. William claims the English crown because he is the great nephew of Queen Emma. Obviously, his claim is invalid.’

Harold also knows that according to English law, the king has to be elected by the Witanagemot, or Great Council. If the king should live long enough, Edgar the Atheling would most likely be elected by the Witan.  Should that not be the case, Harold himself is the most likely choice. Harold is reassured by the knowledge that William’s claim that King Edward has named him as his successor can easily be dismissed, as no English King has the right to do this without the formal agreement of the Witan. 
  
Harold plans to discuss all this with the king. I can see calm settling over him as he decides, ‘William might be something of a problem but nothing I can’t handle. I can discuss this with the king. Time is on our side. What can he do? England is far bigger than Normandy in size and population; William doesn’t even have a navy.’ This knowledge reassures him.

From then on the crossing back to England is a quiet one. After his earlier outburst, Harold is relaxed. He has thought matters through. What appeared to be an enormous problem is really just a snag that can be dealt with in due course.  

As I sit there observing, I know Harold isn’t aware of how events will unfold over the next two years. Three Northumbrians’ with designs of their own will disappear or be found dead. Tostig, Harold’s brother and Earl of Northumbria, will be overthrown in the Northern revolt and sent into exile by the king.  If that wasn’t bad enough, 1066 would begin with the death of King Edward. Later in the year, Harold would find himself married to Edith of Mercia. A hairy star, the harbinger of doom, would appear in the sky and across the Channel; Duke William would prepare an invasion force. All that, and in September, a huge Viking army would invade the North of England.

Harold is having a bad enough day as it is, should I tell him what he has in store?


G K Holloway
After graduating from Coventry University with an honours degree in history and politics, G K Holloway worked in education in and around Bristol, where he now lives with his wife and two children. After reading a biography about Harold Godwinson, he studied the late Anglo Saxon era in detail and visited all of the locations mentioned in the sources. When he had enough material to weave together facts and fiction he produced his novel. 1066 What Fates Impose, is the product of all that research – and some imagination.  A sequel is on its way.

1066 What Fates Impose

England is in crisis. King Edward has no heir and promises never to produce one. There are no obvious successors available to replace him, but quite a few claimants are eager to take the crown. While power struggles break out between the various factions at court, enemies abroad plot to make England their own. There are raids across the borders with Wales and Scotland. Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex, is seen by many as the one man who can bring stability to the kingdom. He has powerful friends and two women who love him, but he has enemies who will stop at nothing to gain power. As 1066 begins, England heads for an uncertain future. It seems even the heavens are against Harold. Intelligent and courageous, can Harold forge his own destiny - or does he have to bow to what fates impose?


Tuesday, 20 February 2018

Life in Eleventh Century Britain: The Fyrd and the Housecarls By Mercedes Rochelle #History #AngloSaxon @authorrochelle


Life in Eleventh Century Britain:
The Fyrd and the Housecarls

By Mercedes Rochelle

 

Before the Normans brought over their own version of feudalism, the Anglo-Saxons had a different way of calling up an army in need of defense. At the top of the scale were the Housecarls, the closest thing to a paid, standing army (or household troops) the leader could summon. They were loyal to their employer—the king or a great earl—and were usually composed of Danish or English professional soldiers. Some were landowners; it's possible that some lived in barracks. When King Harold Godwineson unexpectedly had to go north to stop Harold Hardrada in September 1066, the Housecarls were the only warriors he could initially call upon.

Patterned after the Jomsvikings of Denmark (founded by King Harold, father of Swein Forkbeard), Housecarls are first mentioned in relation to King Canute—probably in 1018—and ceased to exist as an organization after the Battle of Hastings. It is believed they were in essence a military guild, with a body of regulations and the ability to call up a gemot or huskarlesteffne in the king’s presence to settle disputes or punish a transgressor.

Highly trained warriors, the Housecarls mostly fought on foot although it is more than possible that they were perfectly capable of fighting on horseback. Snorri Sturluson tells us in Heimskringla that Harold’s mounted troops attacked the disorganized Norwegians in the early phase of the Stamfordbridge battle. They would not have attacked head-on like we picture in the 14th century battles; rather they would veer past the enemy and launch javelins into their foes’ ranks, much like the Normans did at Hastings. Then they would dismount and finish the battle on foot. During the Battle of Hastings, Harold most likely spread out his Housecarls along the shield wall to support the less experienced fyrd; they were the only warriors that returned with him after Stamfordbridge, and by then their ranks had been sorely thinned. The Housecarls would have been a formidable sight; as seen in the Bayeux Tapestry, they could take down both rider and horse with one sweep of their awesome Danish axe. It was a testament to their—and the Anglo Saxon—valor that it took a whole day for William’s well-armed force to break their ranks.



Beneath the Housecarls, the fyrd was drawn from the general population of England. They responded to territorial obligations and were roughly divided into two categories, sometimes known as the select fyrd and the great fyrd. The select fyrd were usually better trained, and were generally composed of thegns, ceorls or upper peasantry. They were assigned on the basis of the 5-hide system throughout southern England (in the Danelaw, the land was assessed in carucates, but the same system is thought to be utilized). By the late Anglo-Saxon period, the hide was not a geographic unit of measure; in essence it was used to determine the amount of service owed to the king. I would theorize it had more to do with a density of population rather than its original definition (equivalent to the amount of land required to feed a peasant family). One lord's manor could contain several 5-hide units, or perhaps several small estates would be stitched together to create one 5-hide unit. The bigger towns had the most hides even though they covered a small area. So for instance Cambridge was assessed at 100 hides; so was Colchester and Shrewsbury. Each would be obliged to produce 20 warriors.

The responsibility of the 5-hide unit was three-fold: military service, fortress work, and bridge repair. For their military obligation, each unit was required to produce one soldier and pay him for two months’ service (20 shillings) if called up by the king. This soldier was usually the same person whenever called up, so this is why he would probably be better trained and equipped than the ordinary fyrdman. Nonetheless, there was no annual training period for the select fyrd, and they were only called up in time of war; years could go by without going into service.

The most important distinction between the two categories of fyrd was that the select fyrd was expected to travel and serve for up to two months. The great fyrd, on the other hand, was called up for strictly local defense. The key difference is that the great fyrd must be able to return home at night; if the king required them to travel, he must pay them a wage. Because they were normally unpaid, they were not expected to come armed with much more than whatever came to hand: clubs, stones tied to sticks, farm utensils, etc. In many cases, they could very well supplement the better-armed select fyrd, which is perhaps what we saw at Hastings.


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When taken as a whole, this system seems to have been very well organized. But it did not survive the Norman Conquest. Not all historians are in agreement about this distant era, and I used “Anglo-Saxon Military Instititions” by C.Warren Hollister as my primary source.  


Mercedes Rochelle
Born in St. Louis MO with a degree from University of Missouri, Mercedes Rochelle learned about living history as a re-enactor and has been enamored with historical fiction ever since. A move to New York to do research and two careers ensued, but writing fiction remains her primary vocation. She lives in Sergeantsville, NJ with her husband in a log home they had built themselves.

Mercedes loves to hear from readers. You can find her… Website Blog Facebook Twitter



Read more about the end of the Anglo-Saxon era:

Fatal Rivalry

In 1066, the rivalry between two brothers brought England to its knees. When
Duke William of Normandy landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066, no one
was there to resist him. King Harold Godwineson was in the north, fighting
his brother Tostig and a fierce Viking invasion. How could this have
happened? Why would Tostig turn traitor to wreak revenge on his brother?
The Sons of Godwine were not always enemies. It took a massive Northumbrian
uprising to tear them apart, making Tostig an exile and Harold his sworn
enemy. And when 1066 came to an end, all the Godwinesons were dead except
one: Wulfnoth, hostage in Normandy. For two generations, Godwine and his
sons were a mighty force, but their power faded away as the Anglo-Saxon era
came to a close.

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